Zookeeper是一个开源的分布式协调服务,它为分布式应用提供了诸如配置维护、域名服务、分布式同步、组服务等通用功能。在Java开发中,通过Zookeeper可以实现分布式系统中的节点管理、锁机制、选举等功能。
下面我们将通过一个简单的Java程序来演示如何使用Zookeeper实现分布式锁。
pom.xml
中添加以下依赖:<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
<artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
<version>3.7.0</version>
</dependency>
以下是一个简单的分布式锁实现:
import org.apache.zookeeper.*;
import org.apache.zookeeper.data.Stat;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
public class DistributedLock implements Watcher {
private ZooKeeper zk;
private String lockPath = "/lock";
private String clientId;
private CountDownLatch connectedSemaphore = new CountDownLatch(1);
public DistributedLock(String host, String clientId) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
this.clientId = clientId;
zk = new ZooKeeper(host, 5000, this);
connectedSemaphore.await();
}
@Override
public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
if (Event.KeeperState.SyncConnected == event.getState()) {
connectedSemaphore.countDown();
}
}
public void acquireLock() throws KeeperException, InterruptedException {
Stat stat = zk.exists(lockPath, false);
if (stat == null) {
System.out.println(clientId + " is trying to acquire the lock...");
zk.create(lockPath, "".getBytes(), ZooDefs.Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.EPHEMERAL);
System.out.println(clientId + " has acquired the lock.");
} else {
System.out.println(clientId + " is waiting for the lock...");
String waitPath = zk.create("/wait", "".getBytes(), ZooDefs.Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.EPHEMERAL_SEQUENTIAL);
List<String> children = zk.getChildren("/wait", true);
Collections.sort(children);
if (!children.get(0).equals(waitPath.substring(1))) {
waitForLock(waitPath, children.get(0));
}
System.out.println(clientId + " has acquired the lock.");
}
}
public void releaseLock() throws KeeperException, InterruptedException {
System.out.println(clientId + " is releasing the lock...");
zk.delete(lockPath, 0);
zk.close();
System.out.println(clientId + " has released the lock.");
}
private void waitForLock(String currentWaitPath, String previousWaitPath) throws KeeperException, InterruptedException {
Stat stat = zk.exists("/" + previousWaitPath, false);
while (stat != null) {
Thread.sleep(100);
stat = zk.exists("/" + previousWaitPath, false);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, KeeperException {
DistributedLock lock1 = new DistributedLock("localhost:2181", "Client1");
DistributedLock lock2 = new DistributedLock("localhost:2181", "Client2");
new Thread(() -> {
try {
lock1.acquireLock();
Thread.sleep(5000); // 模拟业务处理
lock1.releaseLock();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}).start();
new Thread(() -> {
try {
lock2.acquireLock();
Thread.sleep(5000); // 模拟业务处理
lock2.releaseLock();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}).start();
}
}
通过上述代码,我们实现了基于Zookeeper的分布式锁。Zookeeper的强大之处在于其简单易用的API和高可靠性,使得开发者能够专注于业务逻辑而无需过多关注底层的分布式协调细节。